Abstract
Introduction: Deformities can be defined as changes in the development of facial bones, especially of the maxilla and mandible, and may cause changes in other structures, organs, and systems, such as the airways. Given this, the dental surgeon assumes a leadership role in the hospital care of these cases. Objective: It was to conduct a systematic review on the importance of hospital dentistry for patients undergoing vertical mandibular osteotomy. Methods: The systematic review rules of the PRISMA Platform were followed. The search was conducted from May to July 2026 across the Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, PubMed, ScienceDirect, SciELO, and Google Scholar databases. The quality of the studies was assessed using the GRADE instrument, and the risk of bias was evaluated according to the Cochrane instrument. Results and Conclusion: According to the GRADE instrument, most studies presented homogeneity in their results, with X2=71.6%>50%. A total of 119 articles were found and submitted for eligibility analysis, with 30 final studies selected to compose the results of this systematic review. Considering the Cochrane tool for risk of bias, the overall assessment resulted in 31 studies with a high risk of bias and 25 studies that did not meet GRADE and AMSTAR-2 standards. The articles consulted in the scientific literature analyzed teleradiographs taken before and after vertical jaw osteotomy in 2,342 patients. It was evaluated quantitatively lateral cephalometric radiographs of patients of both genders, who needed to undergo vertical osteotomy of the mandibular branch to correct dento-skeletal deformity of the Class III type, whose purpose was to mandibular retreat. There were mandibular retreatments with a decrease in mandibular length with a change in the amount of indentation in millimeters with an amplitude of 2 mm to 22 mm and linear (25.7%) or rotational movement. The cases submitted to Mandibular Intraoral Vertical Osteotomy showed a reduction of the Gonial Angle in some cases. After evaluating, radiographically, the pharyngeal airspace, facial height, mandibular length, and gonial angle, it was analyzed that there were mandibular retreatments with decreased mandibular length with change in the amount of indentation and linear or rotational movement.