Major clinical outcomes of the relationship of metabolic syndrome with the success of dental implants: the systematic review

Abstract

Introduction: Studies show that around 55% of dental implants can be affected by peri-implantitis, a chronic inflammatory process induced by bacteria, which promotes osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and inhibits bone formation, leading to progressive bone loss around the implants. implants. Current evidence points to an increased risk of developing peri-implantitis in both obesity/metabolic syndrome (MS) and diabetes mellitus (DM) conditions compared to the healthy population. Objective: It was to develop a systematic review to present the main clinical outcomes of the relationship between metabolic syndrome and the success of dental implants. Methods: The PRISMA Platform systematic review rules were followed. The search was carried out from October to December 2023 in the Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar databases. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results and Conclusion: A total of 92 articles were found, 26 articles were evaluated in full and 19 were included and developed in the present systematic review study. Considering the Cochrane tool for risk of bias, the overall assessment resulted in 14 studies with a high risk of bias and 12 studies that did not meet GRADE and AMSTAR-2. Most studies did not show homogeneity in their results, with X²=53.5%>50%. It was concluded that there is a correlation between the presence of metabolic syndrome and a higher prevalence of some bacterial species in the peri-implant groove, regardless of the peri-implant status. Metabolic syndrome has been shown to significantly reduce bone formation in the periimplant area in the short term. Metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus represent an increased risk of developing peri-implantitis. Peri-implantitis requires treatment to induce new bone formation around an implant. However, this is challenging as peri-implantitis, particularly in obese or diabetic conditions, has a microenvironment that is characterized by increased inflammation.