Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
MedNext Journal of Medical and Health Sciences
Review
DOI: 10.54448/mdnt22S602
Submitted: 29-09-2022
Published: 29-09-2022

Relationship between diabetes, hypertension and periodontal diseases: a systematic review of major clinical findings

UNORTE - University Center of Northern São Paulo, Dentistry department, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
UNORTE - University Center of Northern São Paulo, Dentistry department, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
UNORTE - University Center of Northern São Paulo, Dentistry department, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil / UNIPOS - Post graduate and continuing education, Dentistry department, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
Periodontal diseases Diabetes Arterial hypertension

Abstract

Introduction: In the scenario of periodontal diseases, chronic periodontitis is one of the most frequent periodontal diseases in the adult population with poor oral hygiene. The aggravating factors of the disease can be the occurrence of loss of bone structure, loss of attachment, and formation of a periodontal pocket, and even periodontitis can produce changes in systemic health, including stroke, renal failure, premature birth, diabetes, arterial hypertension, and coronary diseases. Objective: A concise systematic review was carried out to elucidate through clinical studies the real relationship between periodontal diseases, diabetes, and arterial hypertension. Methods: The rules of the Systematic Review-PRISMA Platform. The research was carried out from May 2022 to July 2022 and developed based on Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results and Conclusion: A total of 127 articles were found. In total, 57 articles were fully evaluated and 18 were included and evaluated in this systematic review. The symmetric funnel plot does not suggest a risk of bias. An association between periodontitis and arterial hypertension was evidenced. Community oral care services provided by dental hygienists can promote objective oral hygiene and subjective periodontal status in the local community and can help manage hypertension and diabetes. An association of diabetes with increasing age was observed for the lowest social class. A statistically significant association between diabetes was also observed concerning individuals with hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and periodontal disease. Yet, recent evidence suggests that periodontal disease causes hypertension. Diabetes mellitus is a factor that aggravates the periodontal disease. Periodontal treatment must be cautious and considered, and the periodontist must know the limitations, changes, and disorders that the diabetic patient may present. Any periodontal treatment should be performed once the diabetes is under control.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

  1. Agarwal S, Chaubey KK, Chaubey A, Agarwal V, Madan E, Agarwal MC. Clinical efficacy of subgingivally delivered simvastatin gel in chronic periodontitis patients. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2016; 20: 409-16.
  2. Batista RJ, Ferreira L, Rafael SNF. Review of dental survival rates after periodontal treatment and supportive periodontal therapy in studies with at least 15 years of fallow-up. Arq Odontol, Belo Horizonte. 2016 abr-jun; 52(2): 80-87.
  3. Casado PL et al. History of Chronic Periodontitis Is a High Risk Indicator for Peri-Implant Disease. Brazilian Dental Journal, [s.l.], 2013, v. 24, n. 2, p.136-141.
  4. Cortelli JR, Pinheiro RMS, Costa FO, Aquino DV, Raslan AS, Cortelli SC. Salivary and microbiological parameters of chronic periodontitis bubjects whith and without type 2 diabetes mellitus: a case-control study. Rev Odontol UNESP. 2014 may-jue; 43(3): 109-202.
  5. Armello W. Relação de risco Diabetes Mellitus e periodontia. Jornal Periodonto – Órgão Oficial da Sociedade Brasileira de Periodontologia – SOBRAPE, São Paulo. 2001 jan/mar; ano XXII. 2.
  6. Melgaço CA. Diabetes Mellitus e a doença periodontal: revisão da literatura. JBE. 2002;3(2): 100-4.
  7. Tomita NE, Chinellato LEM, Pernambuco RA, Lauris JRP, Franco LJ. Condições Periodontais e diabetes mellitus na população nipo-brasileira. Rev Saúde Pública. 2002;36(5):607-13.
  8. Holzhausen M, Garcia DF, Pepato MT, Marcantonio Junior E. The influence of short-term diabetes mellitus and insulin therapy on alveolar bone loss in rats. Journal of Periodontal Research. 2004; 39:188-93.
  9. Del Pinto R, Pietropaoli D, Munoz-Aguilera E, D'Aiuto F, Czesnikiewicz-Guzik M, Monaco A, Guzik TJ, Ferri C. Periodontitis and Hypertension: Is the Association Causal? High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev. 2020 Aug;27(4):281-289. doi: 10.1007/s40292-020-00392-z.
  10. Carra MC, Fessi S, Detzen L, Darnaud C, Julia C, Hercberg S, Touvier M, Andreeva VA, Bouchard P. Self-reported periodontal health and incident hypertension: longitudinal evidence from the NutriNet-Santé e-cohort. J Hypertens. 2021 Dec 1;39(12):2422-2430. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000002941.
  11. Kim NH, Lee GY, Park SK, Kim YJ, Lee MY, Kim CB. Provision of oral hygiene services as a potential method for preventing periodontal disease and control hypertension and diabetes in a community health centre in Korea. Health Soc Care Community. 2018 May;26(3):e378-e385. doi: 10.1111/hsc.12535. Epub 2017 Dec 28. PMID: 29285823.
  12. Tapias Ledesma MÁ, Tapias Martínez P, Martín-Pero Muñoz L, Muñoz García JC. Asociación de diabetes respecto a variables sociodemográficas, hipertensión, hipercolesterolemia y enfermedad periodontal [Association diabetes between sociodemographic variables, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and periodontal disease]. Aten Primaria. 2018 Aug-Sep;50(7):445-446. Spanish. doi: 10.1016/j.aprim.2017.07.005.
  13. Flor LS, Campos MR. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus and its associated factors in the Brazilian adult population: Evidence from a population-based survey. Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2017;20:16–29.
  14. Stanko P., Izakovicova Holla L. Bidirectional association between diabetes mellitus and inflammatory periodontal disease. A review. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2014;158:35–38.
  15. Simpson TC, Weldon JC, Worthington HV, Needleman I, Wild SH, Moles DR. Treatment of periodontal disease for glycaemic control in people with diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database Systematic Reviews. 2015;11 Art. N.°: CD004714.
  16. Winning L, Linden G.J. Periodontitis and Syistemic Disease: Association or Causality? Curr Oral Health Rep. 2017;4:1–7.
  17. Larvin H, Kang J, Aggarwal VR, Pavitt S, Wu J. The additive effect of periodontitis with hypertension on risk of systemic disease and mortality. J Periodontol. 2022 Jul;93(7):1024-1035. doi: 10.1002/JPER.21-0621.
  18. Kasbohm E. et al. Exome Variant Analysis of Chronic Periodontitis in 2 Large Cohort Studies. Journal Of Dental Research, [s.l.], v. 96, n. 1, p.73-80, out. 2016.
  19. Albandar JM. Global risk factors and risk indicators for periodontal diseases. Periodontol 2000 2002; 29:177-206.
  20. Faria-Almeida et al. Clinical and metabolic changes after conventional treatment of type 2 diabetic patients with chronic periodontitis. J Periodontol 2006;77(4):591-8.
  21. Grossi SG, Genco RJ. Periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus: a two-way relantionship. Ann Periodontol 1998;3(1):51-61.
  22. Miller et al. The relationship between reduction in periodontal inflammation and diabetes control: a report of 9 cases. J Periodontol 1992;63(10):843-8.
  23. Persson RE, Hollender LG, Macentee MI, Wyatt CCL, Kiyak HA, Persson GR. Assessment of periodontal conditions and systemic disease in older subjects – Focus on Diabetes mellitus. J Clin Periodontol. 2003;30:207-13.
  24. Kiran M, Arpak N, Ünsal E, Erdogan MF. The effect of improved periodontal health on metabolic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Clin Periodontol. 2005;32:266-72.
  25. Pilatti GL, Toledo BEC, EL Guindy M. Diabetes mellitus e doença periodontal. Rev. ABO Nac., Rio de Janeiro, 1995, v. 3, n 5, p. 324 -327.
  26. Katz J. Elevated blood glucose levels in patients with severe periodontal disease. J. CI in Periodontol., 2011,v. 28, n. 7, p. 710 -712.

How to Cite

Mariano, I. M. G., Silveira, A. L. C. da, & Fernandes, P. G. (2022). Relationship between diabetes, hypertension and periodontal diseases: a systematic review of major clinical findings. MedNEXT Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, 3(S6). https://doi.org/10.54448/mdnt22S602