Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
MedNext Journal of Medical and Health Sciences
Review
DOI: 10.54448/mdnt22S503
Submitted: 29-08-2022
Published: 29-08-2022

Major clinical findings of the oral hygiene relationship and increase in the predisposition to COVID-19: a systematic review

UNORTE - University Center of Northern São Paulo - Dentistry department, Sao Jose do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
UNORTE - University Center of Northern São Paulo - Dentistry department, Sao Jose do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
UNORTE - University Center of Northern São Paulo - Dentistry department, Sao Jose do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
UNORTE - University Center of Northern São Paulo - Dentistry department, Sao Jose do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil / UNIPOS - Post graduate and continuing education, Dentistry department, Sao Jose do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Oral hygiene Lack of oral hygiene Contamination Dental care COVID-19

Abstract

Introduction: The disease caused by the novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by a newly identified virus Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The risk of nosocomial transmission is a reality that requires the development of guidelines by the dental community to reduce the chances of infection by the new coronavirus. In particular, poor oral hygiene, opportunistic infections, stress, immunosuppression, vasculitis, and a hyperinflammatory response secondary to COVID-19 are the most important predisposing factors for the appearance of oral lesions in patients with COVID-19. Objective: It was to highlight the main clinical studies on the relationship between hygiene and care in the oral cavity to reduce the chances of contamination with COVID-19, as well as to observe the interrelation between poor oral hygiene and the increased risk of this contamination. Methods: The rules of the Systematic Review-PRISMA Platform were followed. The research was carried out from March 2022 to May 2022 and developed based on Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results and Conclusion: A total of 124 articles were found. In total, 42 articles were fully evaluated and 10 were included and evaluated in this study. Considering the Cochrane tool for risk of bias, the overall assessment resulted in 42 studies that were excluded with a high risk of bias (studies with small sample size). Also, 30 studies were excluded because they did not meet the GRADE. COVID-19 affects oral health most likely in patients with serious illness, which may be due to the disease itself, immune response, and lack of motivation for personal hygiene measures. Furthermore, the results indicated that gargling with mouthwashes composed of unique antiseptic agents may play a minor role in potentially reducing transmission rates, and therefore these findings are of utmost importance when considering alternative COVID-19 prevention strategies.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

  1. Rusu LC, Ardelean LC, Tigmeanu CV, Matichescu A, Sauciur I, Bratu EA. COVID-19 and Its Repercussions on Oral Health: A Review. Medicina (Kaunas). 2021 Nov 1;57(11):1189. doi: 10.3390/medicina57111189. PMID: 34833407; PMCID: PMC8619825.
  2. Beetstra S. Special care dentistry in the world of COVID-19. Spec Care Dentist. 2020 May;40(3):215. doi: 10.1111/scd.12467. PMID: 32463961; PMCID: PMC7283785.
  3. Kadkhodazadeh M, Amid R, Moscowchi A. Does COVID-19 Affect Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases? J Long Term Eff Med Implants. 2020;30(1):1-2. doi: 10.1615/JLongTermEffMedImplants.2020034882. PMID: 33389910.
  4. Becker K, Brunello G, Gurzawska-Comis K, Becker J, Sivolella S, Schwarz F, Klinge B. Dental care during COVID-19 pandemic: Survey of experts' opinion. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2020 Dec;31(12):1253-1260. doi: 10.1111/clr.13676. Epub 2020 Oct 30. PMID: 33047356; PMCID: PMC7675432.
  5. Dziedzic A. Special Care Dentistry and COVID-19 Outbreak: What Lesson Should We Learn? Dent J (Basel). 2020 May 9;8(2):46. doi: 10.3390/dj8020046. PMID: 32397499; PMCID: PMC7344557.
  6. Meng L, Hua F, Bian Z. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Emerging and Future Challenges for Dental and Oral Medicine. J Dent Res. 2020 May;99(5):481-487. doi: 10.1177/0022034520914246. Epub 2020 Mar 12. PMID: 32162995; PMCID: PMC7140973.
  7. Elzein R, Abdel-Sater F, Fakhreddine S, Hanna PA, Feghali R, Hamad H, Ayoub F. In vivo evaluation of the virucidal efficacy of chlorhexidine and povidone-iodine mouthwashes against salivary SARS-CoV-2. A randomized-controlled clinical trial.
  8. Seneviratne CJ, Balan P, Ko KKK, Udawatte NS, Lai D, Ng DHL, Venkatachalam I, Lim KS, Ling ML, Oon L, Goh BT, Sim XYJ. Efficacy of commercial mouth-rinses on SARS-CoV-2 viral load in saliva: randomized control trial in Singapore. Infection. 2021 Apr;49(2):305-311. doi: 10.1007/s15010-020-01563-9. Epub 2020 Dec 14. PMID: 33315181; PMCID: PMC7734110.
  9. Gudi S.K., Tiwari K.K. Preparedness and Lessons Learned from the Novel Coronavirus Disease. Int. J. Occup. Environ. Med. 2020;11:108–112. doi: 10.34172/ijoem.2020.1977.
  10. Yang Y., Zhou Y., Liu X., Tan J. Health services provision of 48 public tertiary dental hospitals during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Clin. Oral. Investig. 2020;24:1861–1864. doi: 10.1007/s00784-020-03267-8.
  11. Dave M., Seoudi N., Coulthard P. Urgent dental care for patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Lancet. 2020;395:1257. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30806-0.
  12. Coulthard P. Dentistry and coronavirus (COVID-19)—Moral decision-making. Br. Dent. J. 2020;228:503–505. doi: 10.1038/s41415-020-1482-1.
  13. Hare J., Bruj-Milasan G., Newton T. An Overview of Dental Anxiety and the Non-Pharmacological Management of Dental Anxiety. Prim. Dent. J. 2019;7:36–39.
  14. Dziedzic A., Wojtyczka R. The impact of coronavirus infectious disease 19 (COVID-19) on oral health. Oral Dis. 2020:1–4. doi: 10.1111/odi.13359.
  15. Gamio L. The Workers Who Face the Greatest Coronavirus Risk. New York Times, 15 March 2020. [(accessed on 5 April 2020)]; Available online: https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/03/15/business/economy/coronavirus-worker-risk.html
  16. Luzzi V., Ierardo G., Bossù M., Polimeni A. COVID-19: Pediatric Oral Health during and after the Pandemics. Appl. Sci. 2020;10:1–8. doi: 10.20944/preprints202004.0002.v1.
  17. Villani FA, Aiuto R, Paglia L, Re D. COVID-19 and Dentistry: Prevention in Dental Practice, a Literature Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Jun 26;17(12):4609. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17124609. PMID: 32604906; PMCID: PMC7344885.
  18. Iranmanesh B, Khalili M, Amiri R, Zartab H, Aflatoonian M. Oral manifestations of COVID-19 disease: A review article. Dermatol Ther. 2021 Jan;34(1):e14578. doi: 10.1111/dth.14578. Epub 2020 Dec 13. PMID: 33236823; PMCID: PMC7744903.
  19. Sharma P, Malik S, Wadhwan V, Gotur Palakshappa S, Singh R. Prevalence of oral manifestations in COVID-19: A systematic review. Rev Med Virol. 2022 Mar 10:e2345. doi: 10.1002/rmv.2345. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 35271738; PMCID: PMC9111150.
  20. Ganesan A, Kumar S, Kaur A, Chaudhry K, Kumar P, Dutt N, Nag VL, Garg MK. Oral Manifestations of COVID-19 Infection: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study. J Maxillofac Oral Surg. 2022 Feb 5:1-10. doi: 10.1007/s12663-021-01679-x. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 35153394; PMCID: PMC8817159.
  21. Meister TL, Gottsauner JM, Schmidt B, Heinen N, Todt D, Audebert F, Buder F, Lang H, Gessner A, Steinmann E, Vielsmeier V, Pfaender S, Cieplik F. Mouthrinses against SARS-CoV-2 - High antiviral effectivity by membrane disruption in vitro translates to mild effects in a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. Virus Res. 2022 Jul 15;316:198791. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198791.
  22. Pelletier JS, Tessema B, Frank S, Westover JB, Brown SM, Capriotti JA. Efficacy of Povidone-Iodine Nasal and Oral Antiseptic Preparations Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Ear Nose Throat J. 2021 Apr;100(2_suppl):192S-196S. doi: 10.1177/0145561320957237. Epub 2020 Sep 21. Erratum in: Ear Nose Throat J. 2020 Dec 8;:145561320977784. PMID: 32951446.
  23. Mateos-Moreno MV, Mira A, Ausina-Márquez V, Ferrer MD. Oral antiseptics against coronavirus: in-vitro and clinical evidence. J Hosp Infect. 2021 Jul;113:30-43. doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2021.04.004. Epub 2021 Apr 15. PMID: 33865974; PMCID: PMC8046704.
  24. Rutkowski JL, Camm DP, El Chaar E. AAID White Paper: Management of the Dental Implant Patient During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond. J Oral Implantol. 2020 Oct 1;46(5):454-466. doi: 10.1563/aaid-joi-D-20-00316. PMID: 32882035.
  25. Brunello G, Gurzawska-Comis K, Becker K, Becker J, Sivolella S, Schwarz F, Klinge B. Dental care during COVID-19 pandemic: follow-up survey of experts' opinion. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2021 Jun 30. doi: 10.1111/clr.13783. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34196051.
  26. Capparè P, D'Ambrosio R, De Cunto R, Darvizeh A, Nagni M, Gherlone E. The Usage of an Air Purifier Device with HEPA 14 Filter during Dental Procedures in COVID-19 Pandemic: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Apr 23;19(9):5139. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19095139.

How to Cite

Brasileiro, S., Dias, M. D., Moraes, F. C. de, & Fernandes, P. G. (2022). Major clinical findings of the oral hygiene relationship and increase in the predisposition to COVID-19: a systematic review. MedNEXT Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, 3(S5). https://doi.org/10.54448/mdnt22S503